Thomas Christoffel Müller1

M, #7938, b. 1636

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NGK (Cape Town) Baptisms 1665-1695NGK (Cape Town) Baptisms 1665-1695
Last Edited10/08/2018
BirthOrigin*Thomas was from Leipzig and was perhaps born there in 1636. His age is estimated.1 
Marriage*He married Catharina Croons on 10 July 1661 de Caep de Goede Hoop.2,3
 

Family

Catharina Croons b. c 1640
Children
(Witness) LandGrant On 28 September 1666, Anthonij de Later van Japan was granted a certain measured erf, seker affgemeeten en bepaelt erffje by Zacharias Wagenaer, the outgoing governor and his recent owner. It was located between those of Thomas Christoffel Müller and Jan Martensz de Wacht.4 
Names in the record, in publications, etc.1 October 1658, the name of Thomas was written in the record as Tomas Christoffel Muller.5
23 August 1665, the name of Thomas was written in the record as Thomas Mulder.6
Baptisms - WitnessThomas Christoffel Müller and Hendrik van Seurwaarden and Dom:e Antonius Scherius witnessed the baptism of Chrusella Mostaert on 23 April 1662 Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, (Cape Town), de Caep de Goede Hoop.7
NotesOn 29 May 1657 Jan Woutersz: having been recalled from Saldanha Bay "in consequence of many bad faults," received written instructions from Johan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck to proceed to Robben Island to supervise the sheep farming and the work at the stone quarry. Accompanying him as the only other salaried worker was Thomas Christoffel Müller, who was to tend the sheep, including castrating the rams and cutting off their tails. Accompanying them would be Jasper Janse Duyff, Laurentsz: Albertsz, Espagniola and Cleijn Eva van Madagascar. Duyff was a banished soldier, Alberts a convict, Espagniola either a French slave or convict, and Eva, a slave.8
Monsterrollen and Opgaafrollen (Muster and tax rolls)On 20 March 1656 Thomas Christoffel Müller was enumerated in the muster roll, as a soldier.9
On 31 May 1657 Thomas Christoffel Müller was enumerated in the muster roll, as a soldier earning f 9 per month.10
On 15 February 1658 Jan Jansz:, Gerrit Harmens and Thomas Christoffel Müller were enumerated in the muster roll among the freemen, as owners of the Saldanha trade in oil and fishing. Enumerated with them were Cornelis Cornelisz, Bartholomeus Boorn and Henrick Barentze van der Zee, described as 'in their service.11'
Vrijbriewen and Burgher StatusOn 5 January 1658, Thomas Christoffel Müller was granted a vrijbrief or letter of freedom which released him from his contractual obligations to the VOC and accorded him the status of vrijburgher or free burgher.12
Slave BirthsBefore 19 January 1664, Maria van de Caep was born in bondage and was owned by Thomas Christoffel Müller de Caep de Goede Hoop, she was said to be 8 years old on 19 January 1672.13,14
Slave TransactionsSometime between 28 March 1658 and 1 October 1658 Thomas Christoffel Müller and Jochum Elbertsz: acquired ownership of Jackie Joy van Angola and Jan Meeuw van Angola.15,16
Between 6 May 1658 and 1 October 1658 Pieter van Guinea was sold by the Company to Thomas Christoffel Müller, this transaction is assumed.17,15
Between 6 May 1658 and 1 October 1658 Pauwels Das was sold by the Company to Juriaen Jansz:, Gerrit Harmens and Thomas Christoffel Müller, this transaction is assumed. The 3 settlers were co-owners of the Saldanha oil and fishing lease or pach.15
On 1 October 1658 Pieter Rob, Pauwels Das, Jan Meeuw van Angola and Jackie Joy van Angola were put up as security in a skuldbrief by Juriaen Jansz:, Gerrit Harmens and Thomas Christoffel Müller in favour of the wife of the commander Maria de la Queillerie. This was for a loan of f 300 at ¾% per month. In addition Jansz:, Hermanusz: and Muller included as security their current two vehicles [wagons?] as well any they may acquire in the future. The payment in the first month was excused, thereafter they were to make monthly payments until the original amount, plus interest, was repaid. Presumably they carried out the agreement, because the skuldbrief was cancelled on 1 February 1660.15
On 18 September 1659 Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea were given by Johan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck to Jochum Elbertsz:, Thomas Christoffel Müller and Gerrit Harmens in exchange for Jackie Joy van Angola and Jan Meeuw van Angola.18,19
On 18 December 1662 Oude Hans van Guinea was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to Wouter Mostert de Caep de Goede Hoop.20,21
On 18 December 1662 Deuxsous van Guinea was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to Wouter Mostert de Caep de Goede Hoop.20
On 6 February 1663 Jan Vos was offered by Bartholomeus Boorn to Joachim Blank, as surety for a loan of f 200 at ¾% per month. Included as surety were all his possessions owned together with his partner Thomas Christoffel Müller, including a house on Dassen Island, vessels, sheep and pigs.22
On 19 May 1663 Jan Vos may have been the slave offered as an element of the surety offered by Bartholomeus Boorn to Jan Martensz de Wacht, for the purchase of a home and erf in Table Valley for f 500 which he promised to pay in three instalments, the first of f 100 and the balance in equal annual payments on 1 January. The surety included the new home and erf, as well as half his possessions owned in partnership with Thomas Christoffel Müller, both here [Table Valley?] and on Dassen Island, which were huisie, vaartuie, varke, skape along with his own slaaf. [Hattingh offers the date of 19.5.1662 - but I have assumed the year to be 1663 because of where it appears in the record]23
In 1668 Gegeima van Guinea was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to the Company, the transaction specfically excluded her daughter Maria.24
On 12 March 1668 Pieter van Guinea was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to Henrick van Zuerwaarden, for Rds 100.25,26,27
On 12 March 1668 Pieter Pietersz was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to Henrick van Zuerwaarden, for Rds 100.26,27
Slave EmancipationsAngela van Bengale was emancipated by Abraham Gabbema, on 13 April 1666. Anna de Coningh, Jacobùs van As and Johannes van As were most likely the children who were emancipated with her. The reason for her emancipation was stipulated as “seer geode en getrouwe diensten en andere pregnante redenen”. In an arrangement that in my view was crafted to ease her transition, in the first six months of freedom Angela was to work for Thomas Christoffel Müller in exchange for food and clothing. Thereafter if she wished to continue in his employ, Müller would have to pay her a salary; and, if she so wished, she would be entitled to leave his service. The emancipation document was signed by Gabbema but not the stipulated witnesses.28,29,30,31
Thomas Christoffel Müller emancipated Maria van de Caep on 19 January 1672 de Caep de Goede Hoop, He testified that he had sold her mother, whom he identified as, Gegeima van Guinea, to the Company in 1668 and that the transaction had explicitly excluded Maria. He stipulated further that the Company had never contributed toward Maria's clothing, care, and alimentary needs. In the preceding days, at his request, Muller's associates also testified to the council about their knowledge of Maria, who all identified the mother as Lobbitje. First, on 16 January 1672, the former managers of the company gardens.32,33,34
Property TransactionsOn 5 June 1661 Thomas Christoffel Müller, agreed to enter a partnership with Bartholomeus Boorn, in the Saldanha trading business. Borns had previously been in Müller's service in the same enterprise. In terms of the agreement Borns would take ownership of half of everything in the business including vehicles, small houses, pigs, sheep, aksie [?], debts, creditors, all small poultry, etc., whether at the Cape, Dassen Island or Saldanha Bay previously owned by Mülller in partnership with Gerrit Harmens. A condition of sale was that Müller would retain ownership of two male slaves and one female slave. At the time he owned Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea either wholly or in partnership. Born would acquire the child of the female slave, this may have been a child of Gegeima, but was most likely not Maria van de Caep.35
On 8 June 1661 Gerrit Harmens, sold to Thomas Christoffel Müller, his partner and co-Saldanha trader, his half of everything the two owned in partnership, including vessels, small houses, slaves pigs, sheep, all poultry at the Cape, Dassen Island and Saldanha Bay; along with all their debt and credit, for 250 carolus guilders. The slaves were not named but at the time the two appear to have owned the following slaves in partnership Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea. Müller signed an acknowledgement of debt in the sum of f 450 the same day. Hermans sold it to Pieter van der Stael on 7 February 1662.36
On 24 June 1662 Thomas Christoffel Müller and Bartholomeus Boorn signed a skuldbrief or lien in the amount of f 3050 in favour of Cornelis Mostaert for the purchase of his home, payable in two equal instalments of f 1525, the first on 1 April 1663 and the second one year later. They were individually responsible for paying half of each instalment. As surety they offered their own recently purchased home on the corner of Fortsplein and the street on the strand [?], as well as their vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape - i.e. vehicles [wagons?], little houses/buildings, slaves, pigs, sheep, etc. At the time Müller owned at least the following slaves, Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea while Borns owned Jan Vos, all of whom may have been part of the surety.37

Citations

  1. [S204] Dr. J. Hoge, Personalia of the Germans at the Cape, 1652-1806, Archives Year Book for South African History (Cape Town: Government Printer, Union of South Africa, 1946), p.288; MÜLLER, THOMAS CHRISTOFFEL.-Leipzig. * 1636. Hereinafter cited as Personalia.
  2. [S332] Webpage tanap.net (http://databases.tanap.net/mooc/) (Original records held by Western Cape Archives and Records Service, Roeland Street, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa) "Reference code: C. 2, p. 212.
    Sondagh den 10en Juli anno 1661.

    Na 't eijndigen des sermoens desen voormiddagh sonder eenige de minste verhinderinge volgens Christelijck gebruijck de derde affroepinge sijnde gepasseert van de ondertroude personen, Thomas Christoffel Muller van Leijpsigh vrije Saldanhavaerder jongman, ende Catharina Croons van Bommel jongedochter, ende ons niet voorgecomen wesende waerdoor deselve in haer voornemen soude cunnen ofte mogen werden geretardeert ofte beleth, Soo is bij den Raet verstaen achtervolgende resolutie van den 2en Julij deses jaers, de vorder solemnisatie van de trouw in den Name des Heeren te laten voortgaen, ende ten dien eijnde oock goetgevonden op dat alles wettelyck ende met goede ordre tot Godes meeste eere magh toegaen de gemelte solemnisatie (alsoo geen predicant hebben) door den Secretaris van onsen Raet, voor alle den volcke in openen raetcaemer te laeten bedienen, gelyck sulcx op dato na 't lesen des sermoens in den naeme des Heeren dan openbaer ende wettelijck geschiet ende g'effectueert is.


    Aldus gedaen ende geresolveert in 't Fort de Goede Hope ten dage ende jare als boven.
    JAN VAN RIEBEECK. 1661.
    ROELOFF DE MAN.
    ABRAHAM GABBEMA. 1661.
    PIETER EVRARD.
    H. LACUS, Secrets. 1661."
  3. [S204] Dr. J. Hoge, Personalia, p.288; ~ 10.7.1661 Catharina Kroons of Bommel.
  4. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", Kronos - Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670) 15 (1988): 28.9.1666     CTD 3, p.56
    [‘n Gewaarmerkte afskrif deur J. Pratorius, gemaak op 27 Junie 1673.] ‘Ick ondergetekende bekenne aen mijn gewesen slaaff Anthonij genaamt vereert oft geschoncken te hebben gelye doe mitsdesen seker affgemeeten en bepaelt erffje leggende tusschen de huijsen van de beijde borgers Thomas Christoffel Muller ende Jan Martens de Wacht, om ‘t selve te betimmeren off aen andere te verhueren off verkopen, so als hy te raede worden zall’. [Geteken Z. Wagenaer.]. Hereinafter cited as "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)."
  5. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 1.10.1658 CTD I, p.108
    … Tomas Cristoffel Muller ….
  6. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.), 1665-1695: Noch een zoon van Thomas Mulder by Catharina Croons, is genaamt David: als getuigen Wouter Mostaard, Joan Coon, en Grietje van Suyrwaarden, transcribed by Richard Ball, Norfolk, England, (May 2006), Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/. Hereinafter cited as Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.).
  7. [S787] Church matters (Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk), Incoming Letters, 9 April 1652-14 May 1663, (NL-SAA, archiefinventaris 379, inventarisnummer 206, pp. 29-35), (eGSSA - van der Stael Letters, http://www.eggsa.org/sarecords/index.php/classis-amsterdam/…), Den 23 [April 1662]:...en alsoo dom:e Slipperius, mede inde kercke was, heeft de andere vier kinderen gedoopt, te weten het dochterken, van Wouter Cornelisz Mostaert, regerende burgeraet, en is genaemt Grisella, de getuigen sijn Heindrick Heindricxsz van Seurewaerden, vrijburger, en Thomas Muller vrije Saldanha vaerder... as transcribed by Corney Keller.
  8. [S913] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, Letters Despatched 1652-1662 Vol II, H.C.V. Leibrandt; (Cape Town, South Africa: W.A. Richards & Sons, Government Printers, 1900), pp.321-324. Hereinafter cited as Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope.
  9. [S647] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, Letters Despatched 1652-1662 to which are added land grants, attestations, Journal of voyage to Tristan da Cunha, names of freemen, &c. Vol III, H.C.V. Leibrandt; (Cape Town, South Africa: W.A. Richards & Sons, Government Printers, 1900), p.284-286. Hereinafter cited as Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope.
  10. [S647] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, pp.287-289.
  11. [S647] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, p.294. Jan Jansz:, of Amsterdam, Gerrit Hermansz:, of Deventer, and Thomas Clmstoffel Mulder — owners of the Saldanha trade for burning oil, fishing, &c.
    Cornelis Comelisz:, of Rotterdam, Bartholomeus Borns, of Woerden and Hendriok Barentsz: of Leeuwaerden, in their service.
  12. [S647] Precis of the archives of the Cape of Good Hope, p.265. As above to:- Thomas Christopher Muller, of Leipsich, d.d. 5th January, 1658.
  13. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700 (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 1977), p.85,129. Hereinafter cited as Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700.
  14. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.): ao 1667
    Den 28 Aug: een slaefinne kint van Thomas Muller wiert genaemt Maria, onder getuygenisse van haer meester, 1665-1695, Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/
  15. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 1.10.1658 CTD I, p.108
    Jurrien Jansz van Amsterdam, Gerrit Hermanusz van Deventer en Tomas Cristoffel Muller van Leypsigh, asook hul vennoot Jochum Elbert van Amsterdam, almal vryburgers, skuld Maria de la Quellerije, huisvrou van kommandeur Jan van Riebeecq, f300 wat hulle van haar geleen het teen driekwart persent rente per maand, die eerste maand daarvan verskoon. Hulle beloof om maandeliks te betaal tot dat die skuld en rente betaal is en stel as pand hulle huidige twee en toekomstige vaartuie, de Pogingen en Zeeleeuw, asook hulle vier slawe, Pieter Rob, Pauwels Das, Jan Meeu en Jacque Jooij. [Kantnota: 1.2.1660 gerojeer.]
  16. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, pp. 13, 125: 18.9.1659, I p. 127: "Oude Hans and Jajenne" both from Guinea, belonging to Jan van Riebeeck, are exchanged by him for Jackie Joy and Jan Meeuw from Angola, respectively 12 and 13 years old, who had been the property of Thomas Muller and Jochem Elbertsz.
  17. [S810] Mansell Upham 'At Earth's Extremest End… Op 't eijnde van de Aerd … The genealogical impact of the 'Angola' & 'Guinea' slaves at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century', First Fifty Years, Uprooted Lives - Unfurling the Cape of Good Hope's Earliest Colonial Inhabitants (1652-1713), (http://e-family.co.za/ffy/ui66.htm), August 2014. "A wifeless Leendert Cornelisz: borrows (1 October 1658) f 300 from Maria de la Queillerie, wife of Jan van Riebeeck. He puts himself up as surety together with all his possessions - especially the slaves the Cape-born heelslag Jan Bruijns and the ‘Guinea’ slaves: Judas de Wever, Sara de Waster [Koddo / Prodo aka Plad Oor] and Pieter Pietersz: aka Pieter Rob “including their children and children yet to be born”."
  18. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 125: 18.9.1659, I p. 127: "Oude Hans and Jajenne" both from Guinea, belonging to Jan van Riebeeck, are exchanged by him for Jackie Joy and Jan Meeuw from Angola, respectively 12 and 13 years old, who had been the property of Thomas Muller and Jochem Elbertsz. [DR: Jajenne was also known as Lobbetje.]
  19. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 18.9.1659      CTD I, p.127 [Verlore]
    Jan van Riebeeck ruil met die vry Saldanhavaarders, Tomas Christoffel Muller, Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer en Jochem Elberts van Amsterdam (elkeen met ‘n derde aandeel) ‘n sekere Guineese slaaf en slavin, Oude Hans en sy vrou Jajenne, waarteen die Saldanhavaarders Thomas Muller en Jochum Elberts, versterk deur hul makker Gerrit Harmansz: twee Angolese slawe, Jan Meeu en Jackie Joij, 10 en 12/13 jaar oud, aanbied.
  20. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 125: 18.12.1662: "Oude Hans" from Guinea, sold by Thomas Christoffel Muller to Wouter Cornelis Mostaert.
  21. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 18.12.1662     CTD I, p.300
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vry Saldanhavaarder, verkoop aan Wouter Cornelisz Mostert, vryburger, die Guineese slaaf Oude Hans. [Geen bedrag vermeld.]
  22. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 6.2.1663     CTD 2, p.3
    Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, vry Saldanhavaarder, se skuldbrief ten gunste van Jochum Blanck van Lubeck, dispensier in die fort, vir die bedrag van f 200 wat hy geleen het teen ‘n driekwart persent per maand. Borns bied as pand die helfte van al die goedere, soos sy huis op Dasseneiland, hul vaartuie, skape en varke wat hy saam met Thomas Christoffel Muller, mede vry Saldanhavaarder, besit asook sy eie slaaf genaamd Jan Vos.
  23. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 19.5.1662 [19.5.1663?]                                     CTD 2, p.66
    Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, vry Saldanhavaarder en vryburger se skuld brief ten gunste van Jan martens de Waght vir die gedrag van f 500 weens die koop van ‘n huis en erf in Tafelvallei. Hy beloof om in drie paaiemente te betaal, die eerste van f 100 en die resterende in gelyke bedrae jaarliks op die eerste Januarie, en bied as pand veral die nuwe huis en erf asook die helfte van sy besittings wat hy saam met Thomas Christoffel Muller [nou sy buurman langs Fortsplein] besit, hier en op Dasseneiland, huisie, vaartuie, varke, skape asook sy eie slaaf. [Naam nie vermeld nie.]
  24. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "A.J. Böeseken se Addendum van Kaapse slawe-verkoopstransaksies: Foute en regstellings", Kronos (Foute en regstellings) 9 (1984): Maar Müller verklaar egter uitdruklik, en ons volg die oorspronklike document verder, dat hy dit doen omdat, toe hy haar moeder Gegeima in 1668 aan die kompanjie vir 100 Rds. verkoop het, dit uitdruklik sonder die dogtertjie was. Hy het ook die vorige dag aan die Politieke Raad twee "attestasies" voorgelê wat aandui dat die kind nooit enige "lÿf oft levens middelen" as onderhoud van die kompanjie ontvang het nie. Met die nagaan van die kompanjie se boeke vir die jaar 1668 het dit ook aan die lig gekom, verklaar hy, dat met die verkoop van die moeder die dogtertjie nie deel van die transaksie was nie.. Hereinafter cited as "Foute en regstellings."
  25. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 12.3.1668     CTD 3, p.203
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryburgerraad en tans op vertrek staan na Patria, verkoop aan Hend[rik] van Surwaerden [elders Zuerwaerden], mede gewese vryburgerraad, die Guinese slaaf Pieter van Guinee vir 100 Rds. [Geen ouderdom vermeld.]
  26. [S810] Mansell Upham 'UL 20 At Earth's Extremest End…', Uprooted Lives - Unfurling the Cape of Good Hope's Earliest Colonial Inhabitants (1652-1713), "Pieter Pietersz: van Guinea aka Pieter Rob appears to be purchased by Thomas Christoffel Muller (from Leipzig) who in turn sells him (12 March 1668) to Hendrik Snijer."
  27. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 127. 12.3.1668, pp. 203-204: Pieter from Guinea, sold by Thomas Christoffel Muller to Hendrick van Zuerwaerden for Rds. 100.
  28. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 13.4.1666     CTD 3, p.23
    Abraham Gabbema, onderkoopman en sekunde wat op vertrek staan na Bat[av]ia, verklaar weens ‘seer goede en getrouwe diensten en andere pregnante redenen’ en pure geneentheid sy slavin Angela, deur koop bekom, met haar drie kinders uit haar [huI] slawerny te verlos en ‘in goeden vrijen stant’ of vryheid te stel; op die voorwaarde dat sy vir ses maande by die vryburger Thomas Christoffel Muller sal woon en sodanige diens sal lewer waarvoor hierdie vryburger haar sal oplei sonder om haar daarvoor meer as kos en klere te gee, dog as die gemelde tyd verstreke is, sal sy nie langer hoef te bly as wat sy uit haar eie vrye wil verkies, en sy en die vryburger oor ‘n maandloon ooreen sal kom nie, ‘want sij niet meer voor lijffeijgen, maer voor een vrijgelatene sal gehouden ende erkennen worden’. [Alhoewel hierna staan dat dit geskied voor die getuies Dirck Bos en Pieter de Jonge, en hulle as sodanig sou teken, verskyn net die deftige handtekening van Gabbema.]
  29. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", 13.4.1666: Abraham Gabbema, Sekunde, stel net voor sy vertrek uit die Kaap vir Angela van Bengale (sy word hier Angelahens genoem) met haar drie kinders vry en wel uit hoofde van "seer geode en getrouwe diensten en andere pregnante redenen". Behalwe laasgenoemde redes vir haar vrystelling word ook nie in die addendum vermeld dat hierdie document deur niemand onderteken is nie.
  30. [S374] Mansell G. Upham, "Capensis (Maaij Ansela)," Mooij Ansela & the black sheep of the family, 11/97 to 2/99. Hereinafter cited as "Maaij Ansela."
  31. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 126. 13.4.1666, Ill, p. 120: The slave Angela from Bengal and her three children manumitted by Abraham Gabbema before his departure for Batavia. Provision made for Angela who would have to work for six months in the home of Thomas Christoffel Muller in return for food and clothes. If after six months they mutually agreed to continue the arrangement, Muller was to pay Angela a salary and allow her to leave his service, should she desire to do so.
  32. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse notariële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (II), Die tweede Dekade 1671-1680", Kronos (Die notariële stukke II) 15 (1999): 16.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 150
    Harme Gressingh en Wijnant Leenders, gewese base van die Kompanjiestuin asook Leendert Leenders, die teenswoordige baas van die tuin, verklaar op versoek van Tomas Mulder dat die kind van die kompanjieslavin Lobbitjie nooit die geringste kos en klere van die kompanjie geniet het nie. [Net deur Wijnant Leenders onderteken]
    17.1.1672                                              CTD 5, p. 173
    Leendert Jansz van Gijselingh verklaar ‘dat het kint van lobbitie noijt ransoen ofte kleasie van die compaij heeft genoten so lanck ick de commande hebbe gehadt over de thuijn.’
    19.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 160
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryman alhier, verklaar die Guinese slavintjie Maria, ongeveer agt jaar oud, vry. Haar moeder Gegeima het hy in 1668 aan die Kompanjie verkoop vir 100 Rds met die uitdruklike uitsluiting van die dogtertjie wat hy ook gister ten tyde van die Raad se vergadering met verskeie bewyse aangetoon het dat die kind nooit van enige ‘lijff of levens middelen’ deur die kompanjie voorsien is nie. Soos dit ook uit die revisie van die boeke van 1668 geblyk het, was die dogtertjie nie by die koop van haar moeder ingesluit nie, daarom is hy deur die Raad vrye gebruik van haar gegun ‘tot naeder en contrarie ondervindingh.’ Van die datum mag sy vry uitgaan en haar sodanig onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het of dit raadsaam vind sonder enige verdere aanspraak ‘slaven doenswegen oijt meer subject en onderworpen te sijn.’ [Onderteken Thomas Muller.]. Hereinafter cited as "Die notariële stukke II."
  33. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", Die volgende geval(l)e, soos aangebied deur Böeseken op p. 129, skep net problem vir die navorser wat slegs haar addendum sou gebruik. Ernstige leesfoute en 'n swak weergawe van wat in die oorspronklike dokumente staan, word hierin weerspieël. Böeseken gee die volgende aan:
    "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    Die eerste document is feitelik korrek weergegee behalwe dat nagelaat is om te meld dat die verklaring op versoek van Thomas Muller geskied het en dat die twee persone onderskeidelik die gewese en huidige opsigters van die Kompanjiestuin was. As sodanig werk die kompanjieslawe onder hulle toesig. Met die tweede document vaar Böeseken egter swakker. Jansz se vermelding dat hy ook 'n opsigter van die tuin was, ontbreek eweneens. Verder verklaar hy eintlik dat dit die kind van Lobbitjie was wat nooit kompanjieskos en klere tydens sy dienstyd ontvang het nie. In die derde dokument raak Böeseken die kluts heeltemal kwyt. Muller stel inderdaad vir Maria van Guinee vry. Maar Müller verklaar egter uitdruklik, en ons volg die oorspronklike document verder, dat hy dit doen omdat, toe hy haar moeder Gegeima in 1668 aan die kompanjie vir 100 Rds. verkoop het, dit uitdruklik sonder die dogtertjie was. Hy het ook die vorige dag aan die Politieke Raad twee "attestasies" voorgelê wat aandui dat die kind nooit enige "lÿf oft levens middelen" as onderhoud van die kompanjie ontvang het nie. Met die nagaan van die kompanjie se boeke vir die jaar 1668 het dit ook aan die lig gekom, verklaar hy, dat met die verkoop van die moeder die dogtertjie nie deel van die transaksie was nie. Daarom het die Raad hom gevolglik die vrye gebruik van die dogtertjie gegee totdat daar later tot 'n ander ooreenkoms geraak kon word. Daarom gee hy nou dus haar Vryheid en onderneem terselfdertyd om haar te onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het sonder om ooit op haar slawedom aanspraak te maak. Tot sover Müller se verklaring. In die document is daar dus geen sprake van 'n belofte aan die moeder, soos Böeseken sit stel nie, en dit verbaas 'n mens dat sy so 'n afleiding kon maak, anders as om dit op te dis.
  34. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p.85. In 1672 little Maria, aged eight, was set free immediately by Thomas Christoffel Muller, because he had promised her mother, Gegeima from Guinea when he bought her in 1668 for Rds. 100 that her child would be free.
    129. 19.1.1672, V, pp. 160-161: "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    [Note: Böeseken confused these transactions. See Hattingh citations.]
  35. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 5.6.1661     CTD I. p243
    Thomas Muller van Leypzigh, vry Saldanhavaarder, en Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, oak ‘n vry Saldanhavaarder, verklaar dat hulle twee ooreengekom het om saam te handel en dat Borns sal toetree tot die helfte van hulle vaartuie, huisies, varke, skape, aksie, skulde, krediteure, alle klein ‘gevleugelte’, ens. hier aan die Kaap en op Dasseneiland en Saldanhabaai wat Thomas Muller met Gerrit Harmansz om die helfte besit het, op die voorwaarde dat Thomas Muller vir hom partikulier twee slawe met ‘n slavin, wat voorheen aan hom behoort het, uithou en Bartholomeus Borns die kind van die slavin … [Geen name vermeld.].
  36. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 8.6.1661     CTD I, p. 271
    Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer, vry Saldanhavaarder, verkoop aan Thomas Muller van Leypzigh, mede vry Saldanhavaarder en sy vennoot sy helfte van alles wat hulle saam besit het soos vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape, alle klein ‘gevleugelte’ hier en op Dasseneiland en Saldanhabaai asook hulle skuld en krediet vir 450 carolus gulde. [Geen name vermeld.]
    8.6.1661     CTD I, p.273
    Skuldbrief van Thomas Christoffel Muller van Leypzig, vry Saldanhavaarder, vir die bedrag van f 450 wat hy Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer skuld weens bostaande kooptransaksie. As sekuriteit dien al die gekoopte goedere maar in besonder die helfte van 'n huis op Dasseneiland. Hy beloof om die skuld oor twee jaar af te betaal. [Die slawe se name is nie vermeld nie. Hierdie skuldbrief het Gerrit Harmansz op 7.2.1662 aan Pieter van der Stael, die sieketrooster, verkoop. Sien p.287.]
  37. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 24.6.1662     CTD 1, p.326
    Skuldbrief aan [van?] Thomas Christoffel Muller van Leypsigh en Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, vryburgers en Saldanhavaarders, gesamentlik verskuldig aan Wouter Cornelisz Mostert, oud burgerraad, die som van f 3 050 vir die koop van van Mostert se huis. Elkeen verantwoordelik vir die helfte van die paaiement van f 1525 waarvan die eerste betaalbaar is op 1 April 1663 en dan die jaar daarna. Hulle bied as pand hulle nuut gekoopte huis op die hoek van Fortsplein en die straat aan die seestrant asook hulle vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape, ens. soos op Dasseneiland en in Tafelbaai. [Geen name word vermeld nie.]
  38. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.): September Anno 1663
    Den selffden dag (2 Septebmer) . . . ende het zoontje van Thomas Muller, vrije Saldanha vaerder; de ghetuigen sijn de ouders selve, 1665-1695, Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/
  39. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.): Noch een zoon van Thomas Mulder
    by Catharina Croons, is genaamt David:
    als getuigen Wouter Mostaard, Joan
    Coon, en Grietje van Suyrwaarden, 1665-1695, Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/
 

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