Maria van de Caep

F, #8009, b. before 19 January 1664
Mother*Gegeima van Guinea1 b. c 1628

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NGK (Cape Town) Baptisms 1665-1695NGK (Cape Town) Baptisms 1665-1695
Last Edited10/08/2018
BaptismMaria van de Caep was baptized on 28 August 1667 Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, (Cape Town), de Caep de Goede Hoop.2 
Duplicate?*It is possible that Maria van de Caep and Maria Hansen van de Caep are the same individual. 
Names in the record, in publications, etc.19 January 1672, the name of Maria was written in the record as Maria van Guinea.3,4
Slave BirthsBefore 19 January 1664, Maria van de Caep was born in bondage and was owned by Thomas Christoffel Müller de Caep de Goede Hoop, she was said to be 8 years old on 19 January 1672.5,6
Slave EmancipationsMaria van de Caep was emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Müller, on 19 January 1672 de Caep de Goede Hoop. He testified that he had sold her mother, whom he identified as, Gegeima van Guinea, to the Company in 1668 and that the transaction had explicitly excluded Maria. He stipulated further that the Company had never contributed toward Maria's clothing, care, and alimentary needs. In the preceding days, at his request, Muller's associates also testified to the council about their knowledge of Maria, who all identified the mother as Lobbitje. First, on 16 January 1672, the former managers of the company gardens.7,8,9
Property TransactionsOn 5 June 1661 Thomas Christoffel Müller, agreed to enter a partnership with Bartholomeus Boorn, in the Saldanha trading business. Borns had previously been in Müller's service in the same enterprise. In terms of the agreement Borns would take ownership of half of everything in the business including vehicles, small houses, pigs, sheep, aksie [?], debts, creditors, all small poultry, etc., whether at the Cape, Dassen Island or Saldanha Bay previously owned by Mülller in partnership with Gerrit Harmens. A condition of sale was that Müller would retain ownership of two male slaves and one female slave. At the time he owned Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea either wholly or in partnership. Born would acquire the child of the female slave, this may have been a child of Gegeima, but was most likely not Maria van de Caep.10

Citations

  1. [S432] Robert C-H Shell compiler, Changing Hands, A calendar of bondage in southern Africa, 1550 to 1888, CD-ROM; ISBN 1-86918-063-1; (Cape Town: Ancestry24, September 2007), Slave First Name:       Maria     
    Matronym:       Gegeima     
    Toponym:       van Guinea     
    Gender:       F     
    Simplified Age:       Child     
    Age:       8     
    Owner Surname:       Muller     
    Owner First Name:       Thomas Christoffel     
    ...
    Manumitter Age:       30     
    ...     
    Sale Transaction Day:       19     
    Sale Transaction Month:       1     
    Sale Transaction Year:       1672. Hereinafter cited as Changing Hands.
  2. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.), 1665-1695: ao 1667. Den 28 Aug: een slaefinne kint van Thomas Muller wiert genaemt Maria, onder getuygenisse van haer meester, transcribed by Richard Ball, Norfolk, England, (May 2006), Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/. Hereinafter cited as Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.).
  3. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700 (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 1977), p.129. 19.1.1672, V, pp. 160-161: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas
    Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100.
    He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child
    had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated.. Hereinafter cited as Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700.
  4. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse notariële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (II), Die tweede Dekade 1671-1680", Kronos (Die notariële stukke II) 15 (1999): 19.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 160
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryman alhier, verklaar die Guinese slavintjie Maria, .... Hereinafter cited as "Die notariële stukke II."
  5. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p.85,129.
  6. [S397] NGK G1 1/1, Nederduitsch Gereformeerde Kerk, Kerken Boek (Bapt.): ao 1667
    Den 28 Aug: een slaefinne kint van Thomas Muller wiert genaemt Maria, onder getuygenisse van haer meester, 1665-1695, Genealogical Society of South Africa, eGSSA Branch http://www.eggsa.org/
  7. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die notariële stukke II", 16.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 150
    Harme Gressingh en Wijnant Leenders, gewese base van die Kompanjiestuin asook Leendert Leenders, die teenswoordige baas van die tuin, verklaar op versoek van Tomas Mulder dat die kind van die kompanjieslavin Lobbitjie nooit die geringste kos en klere van die kompanjie geniet het nie. [Net deur Wijnant Leenders onderteken]
    17.1.1672                                              CTD 5, p. 173
    Leendert Jansz van Gijselingh verklaar ‘dat het kint van lobbitie noijt ransoen ofte kleasie van die compaij heeft genoten so lanck ick de commande hebbe gehadt over de thuijn.’
    19.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 160
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryman alhier, verklaar die Guinese slavintjie Maria, ongeveer agt jaar oud, vry. Haar moeder Gegeima het hy in 1668 aan die Kompanjie verkoop vir 100 Rds met die uitdruklike uitsluiting van die dogtertjie wat hy ook gister ten tyde van die Raad se vergadering met verskeie bewyse aangetoon het dat die kind nooit van enige ‘lijff of levens middelen’ deur die kompanjie voorsien is nie. Soos dit ook uit die revisie van die boeke van 1668 geblyk het, was die dogtertjie nie by die koop van haar moeder ingesluit nie, daarom is hy deur die Raad vrye gebruik van haar gegun ‘tot naeder en contrarie ondervindingh.’ Van die datum mag sy vry uitgaan en haar sodanig onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het of dit raadsaam vind sonder enige verdere aanspraak ‘slaven doenswegen oijt meer subject en onderworpen te sijn.’ [Onderteken Thomas Muller.].
  8. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "A.J. Böeseken se Addendum van Kaapse slawe-verkoopstransaksies: Foute en regstellings", Kronos (Foute en regstellings) 9 (1984): Die volgende geval(l)e, soos aangebied deur Böeseken op p. 129, skep net problem vir die navorser wat slegs haar addendum sou gebruik. Ernstige leesfoute en 'n swak weergawe van wat in die oorspronklike dokumente staan, word hierin weerspieël. Böeseken gee die volgende aan:
    "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    Die eerste document is feitelik korrek weergegee behalwe dat nagelaat is om te meld dat die verklaring op versoek van Thomas Muller geskied het en dat die twee persone onderskeidelik die gewese en huidige opsigters van die Kompanjiestuin was. As sodanig werk die kompanjieslawe onder hulle toesig. Met die tweede document vaar Böeseken egter swakker. Jansz se vermelding dat hy ook 'n opsigter van die tuin was, ontbreek eweneens. Verder verklaar hy eintlik dat dit die kind van Lobbitjie was wat nooit kompanjieskos en klere tydens sy dienstyd ontvang het nie. In die derde dokument raak Böeseken die kluts heeltemal kwyt. Muller stel inderdaad vir Maria van Guinee vry. Maar Müller verklaar egter uitdruklik, en ons volg die oorspronklike document verder, dat hy dit doen omdat, toe hy haar moeder Gegeima in 1668 aan die kompanjie vir 100 Rds. verkoop het, dit uitdruklik sonder die dogtertjie was. Hy het ook die vorige dag aan die Politieke Raad twee "attestasies" voorgelê wat aandui dat die kind nooit enige "lÿf oft levens middelen" as onderhoud van die kompanjie ontvang het nie. Met die nagaan van die kompanjie se boeke vir die jaar 1668 het dit ook aan die lig gekom, verklaar hy, dat met die verkoop van die moeder die dogtertjie nie deel van die transaksie was nie. Daarom het die Raad hom gevolglik die vrye gebruik van die dogtertjie gegee totdat daar later tot 'n ander ooreenkoms geraak kon word. Daarom gee hy nou dus haar Vryheid en onderneem terselfdertyd om haar te onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het sonder om ooit op haar slawedom aanspraak te maak. Tot sover Müller se verklaring. In die document is daar dus geen sprake van 'n belofte aan die moeder, soos Böeseken sit stel nie, en dit verbaas 'n mens dat sy so 'n afleiding kon maak, anders as om dit op te dis.. Hereinafter cited as "Foute en regstellings."
  9. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p.85. In 1672 little Maria, aged eight, was set free immediately by Thomas Christoffel Muller, because he had promised her mother, Gegeima from Guinea when he bought her in 1668 for Rds. 100 that her child would be free.
    129. 19.1.1672, V, pp. 160-161: "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    [Note: Böeseken confused these transactions. See Hattingh citations.]
  10. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", Kronos - Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670) 15 (1988): 5.6.1661     CTD I. p243
    Thomas Muller van Leypzigh, vry Saldanhavaarder, en Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, oak ‘n vry Saldanhavaarder, verklaar dat hulle twee ooreengekom het om saam te handel en dat Borns sal toetree tot die helfte van hulle vaartuie, huisies, varke, skape, aksie, skulde, krediteure, alle klein ‘gevleugelte’, ens. hier aan die Kaap en op Dasseneiland en Saldanhabaai wat Thomas Muller met Gerrit Harmansz om die helfte besit het, op die voorwaarde dat Thomas Muller vir hom partikulier twee slawe met ‘n slavin, wat voorheen aan hom behoort het, uithou en Bartholomeus Borns die kind van die slavin … [Geen name vermeld.]. Hereinafter cited as "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)."
 

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