Gegeima van Guinea1,2,3

F, #13741, b. circa 1628

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Last Edited23/12/2016
BirthOrigin*Gegeima was from Guinea and may have been born there circa 1628.4,5 

Family
Child
(Slave) ShipVoyage On 10 September 1657 the Hasselt departed the Cape (after an earlier false start) for Angola and the coast of 'Guinea' with orders to acquire slaves for the Cape. They had been deterred from attempting to purchase slaves at the bay of Luanda de St. Paulo by the presence of four other ships anchored there, and sailed on. They went first to Cape Lopez on the Gabonese coast for water and wood, and then proceeded to Andra, a slave-trading centre on the coast of upper Guinea. The vessel arrives at the Cape with 226 or 228 [different figures recorded contemporaneously] remaining from 271 originally embarked. Forty three or 45 died enroute and some women were already pregnant according to a later account. Eighty of the best 'Guinea' slaves were sent on to Batavia, and at the Cape a few abscond and many succomb to illness — by 5 March 1659 only 41 remain. The slaves had been purchased at what is now Grand Popo in present day Benin and would have come from as far afield as Sudan. The Hasslt arrived back at the Cape on 6 May 1658 and its slave cargo was discharged the following day. The following slaves would most likely have been among those who survived at the Cape: Abraham van Guinea, Adouke van Guinea, Anna van Guinea, Claas van Guinea, Deuxsous van Guinea, Evert van Guinea, Koddo van Guinea, Louis van Guinea, Maria van Guinea, Oude Hans van Guinea, Pieter van Guinea, Regina van Rapenberg van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea.6,7 
Names in the record, in publications, etc.Gegeima van Guinea was also known as Jajenne van Guinea.5
Between 16 January 1672 and 17 January 1672, the name of Gegeima was written in the record as Lobbitje van Guinea.8,2,9,10,3
Slave TransactionsOn 18 September 1659 Gegeima van Guinea and Oude Hans van Guinea were given by Johan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck to Jochum Elbertsz:, Thomas Christoffel Müller and Gerrit Harmens in exchange for Jackie Joy van Angola and Jan Meeuw van Angola.11,12
In 1668 Gegeima van Guinea was sold by Thomas Christoffel Müller to the Company, the transaction specfically excluded her daughter Maria.13
Slave EmancipationsMaria van de Caep was emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Müller, on 19 January 1672 de Caep de Goede Hoop, He testified that he had sold her mother, whom he identified as, Gegeima van Guinea, to the Company in 1668 and that the transaction had explicitly excluded Maria. He stipulated further that the Company had never contributed toward Maria's clothing, care, and alimentary needs. In the preceding days, at his request, Muller's associates also testified to the council about their knowledge of Maria, who all identified the mother as Lobbitje. First, on 16 January 1672, the former managers of the company gardens.14,15,16
Slaves owned by individualsBetween 6 May 1658 and 18 September 1659 Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea were owned by Johan Anthoniszoon van Riebeeck.17
Property TransactionsOn 5 June 1661 Thomas Christoffel Müller, agreed to enter a partnership with Bartholomeus Boorn, in the Saldanha trading business. Borns had previously been in Müller's service in the same enterprise. In terms of the agreement Borns would take ownership of half of everything in the business including vehicles, small houses, pigs, sheep, aksie [?], debts, creditors, all small poultry, etc., whether at the Cape, Dassen Island or Saldanha Bay previously owned by Mülller in partnership with Gerrit Harmens. A condition of sale was that Müller would retain ownership of two male slaves and one female slave. At the time he owned Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea either wholly or in partnership. Born would acquire the child of the female slave, this may have been a child of Gegeima, but was most likely not Maria van de Caep.18
On 8 June 1661 Gerrit Harmens, sold to Thomas Christoffel Müller, his partner and co-Saldanha trader, his half of everything the two owned in partnership, including vessels, small houses, slaves pigs, sheep, all poultry at the Cape, Dassen Island and Saldanha Bay; along with all their debt and credit, for 250 carolus guilders. The slaves were not named but at the time the two appear to have owned the following slaves in partnership Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea. Müller signed an acknowledgement of debt in the sum of f 450 the same day. Hermans sold it to Pieter van der Stael on 7 February 1662.19
On 24 June 1662 Thomas Christoffel Müller and Bartholomeus Boorn signed a skuldbrief or lien in the amount of f 3050 in favour of Cornelis Mostaert for the purchase of his home, payable in two equal instalments of f 1525, the first on 1 April 1663 and the second one year later. They were individually responsible for paying half of each instalment. As surety they offered their own recently purchased home on the corner of Fortsplein and the street on the strand [?], as well as their vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape - i.e. vehicles [wagons?], little houses/buildings, slaves, pigs, sheep, etc. At the time Müller owned at least the following slaves, Pieter van Guinea, Pauwels Das, Oude Hans van Guinea and Gegeima van Guinea while Borns owned Jan Vos, all of whom may have been part of the surety.20

Citations

  1. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse notariële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (II), Die tweede Dekade 1671-1680", Kronos (Die notariële stukke II) 15 (1999): 19.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 160
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryman alhier, verklaar die Guinese slavintjie Maria, ongeveer agt jaar oud, vry. Haar moeder Gegeima.... Hereinafter cited as "Die notariële stukke II."
  2. [S676] Attestation, C2391; Council of Policy, 4 September1652-6 February 1660, Western Cape Archives and Records Service as transcribed and annotated by Mansell Upham, ende 2 d:[it]o slavinnen [Jajenne / Gegeima / Lobbetje & Dirkie / Hoewj / Hoen(a)/Anna].
  3. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700 (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 1977), 129. 19.1.1672, V, pp. 160-161: "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    [Note: Böeseken confused these transactions. See Hattingh citation.]. Hereinafter cited as Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700.
  4. [S21] Date estimated by compiler, Delia Robertson and, unless there is corroborating information, should not be considered as anything more than a guide.
  5. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 125: 18.9.1659, I p. 127: "Oude Hans and Jajenne" both from Guinea, belonging to Jan van Riebeeck, are exchanged by him for Jackie Joy and Jan Meeuw from Angola, respectively 12 and 13 years old, who had been the property of Thomas Muller and Jochem Elbertsz.
  6. [S810] Mansell Upham 'At Earth's Extremest End… Op 't eijnde van de Aerd … The genealogical impact of the 'Angola' & 'Guinea' slaves at the Cape of Good Hope in the 17th century', First Fifty Years, Uprooted Lives - Unfurling the Cape of Good Hope's Earliest Colonial Inhabitants (1652-1713), (http://e-family.co.za/ffy/ui66.htm), August 2014. "pp. 5, 22-27."
  7. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, pp.10, 12.
  8. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die notariële stukke II", 16.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 150
    Harme Gressingh en Wijnant Leenders, gewese base van die Kompanjiestuin asook Leendert Leenders, die teenswoordige baas van die tuin, verklaar op versoek van Tomas Mulder dat die kind van die kompanjieslavin Lobbitjie nooit die geringste kos en klere van die kompanjie geniet het nie. [Net deur Wijnant Leenders onderteken]
    17.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 173
    Leendert Jansz van Gijselingh verklaar ‘dat het kint van lobbitie noijt ransoen ofte kleasie van die compaij heeft genoten so lanck ick de commande hebbe gehadt over de thuijn.’.
  9. [S810] Mansell Upham 'UL 20 At Earth's Extremest End…', Uprooted Lives - Unfurling the Cape of Good Hope's Earliest Colonial Inhabitants (1652-1713), "Circumstantial evidence points to the last-mentioned as being the same person as Gegeima / Jajenne van Guinea later nick-named Lobbetje."
  10. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "A.J. Böeseken se Addendum van Kaapse slawe-verkoopstransaksies: Foute en regstellings", Kronos (Foute en regstellings) 9 (1984). Hereinafter cited as "Foute en regstellings."
  11. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p. 125: 18.9.1659, I p. 127: "Oude Hans and Jajenne" both from Guinea, belonging to Jan van Riebeeck, are exchanged by him for Jackie Joy and Jan Meeuw from Angola, respectively 12 and 13 years old, who had been the property of Thomas Muller and Jochem Elbertsz. [DR: Jajenne was also known as Lobbetje.]
  12. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", Kronos - Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670) 15 (1988): 18.9.1659      CTD I, p.127 [Verlore]
    Jan van Riebeeck ruil met die vry Saldanhavaarders, Tomas Christoffel Muller, Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer en Jochem Elberts van Amsterdam (elkeen met ‘n derde aandeel) ‘n sekere Guineese slaaf en slavin, Oude Hans en sy vrou Jajenne, waarteen die Saldanhavaarders Thomas Muller en Jochum Elberts, versterk deur hul makker Gerrit Harmansz: twee Angolese slawe, Jan Meeu en Jackie Joij, 10 en 12/13 jaar oud, aanbied.. Hereinafter cited as "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)."
  13. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", Maar Müller verklaar egter uitdruklik, en ons volg die oorspronklike document verder, dat hy dit doen omdat, toe hy haar moeder Gegeima in 1668 aan die kompanjie vir 100 Rds. verkoop het, dit uitdruklik sonder die dogtertjie was. Hy het ook die vorige dag aan die Politieke Raad twee "attestasies" voorgelê wat aandui dat die kind nooit enige "lÿf oft levens middelen" as onderhoud van die kompanjie ontvang het nie. Met die nagaan van die kompanjie se boeke vir die jaar 1668 het dit ook aan die lig gekom, verklaar hy, dat met die verkoop van die moeder die dogtertjie nie deel van die transaksie was nie.
  14. [S607] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Die notariële stukke II", 16.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 150
    Harme Gressingh en Wijnant Leenders, gewese base van die Kompanjiestuin asook Leendert Leenders, die teenswoordige baas van die tuin, verklaar op versoek van Tomas Mulder dat die kind van die kompanjieslavin Lobbitjie nooit die geringste kos en klere van die kompanjie geniet het nie. [Net deur Wijnant Leenders onderteken]
    17.1.1672                                              CTD 5, p. 173
    Leendert Jansz van Gijselingh verklaar ‘dat het kint van lobbitie noijt ransoen ofte kleasie van die compaij heeft genoten so lanck ick de commande hebbe gehadt over de thuijn.’
    19.1.1672     CTD 5, p. 160
    Thomas Christoffel Muller, vryman alhier, verklaar die Guinese slavintjie Maria, ongeveer agt jaar oud, vry. Haar moeder Gegeima het hy in 1668 aan die Kompanjie verkoop vir 100 Rds met die uitdruklike uitsluiting van die dogtertjie wat hy ook gister ten tyde van die Raad se vergadering met verskeie bewyse aangetoon het dat die kind nooit van enige ‘lijff of levens middelen’ deur die kompanjie voorsien is nie. Soos dit ook uit die revisie van die boeke van 1668 geblyk het, was die dogtertjie nie by die koop van haar moeder ingesluit nie, daarom is hy deur die Raad vrye gebruik van haar gegun ‘tot naeder en contrarie ondervindingh.’ Van die datum mag sy vry uitgaan en haar sodanig onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het of dit raadsaam vind sonder enige verdere aanspraak ‘slaven doenswegen oijt meer subject en onderworpen te sijn.’ [Onderteken Thomas Muller.].
  15. [S606] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Foute en regstellings", Die volgende geval(l)e, soos aangebied deur Böeseken op p. 129, skep net problem vir die navorser wat slegs haar addendum sou gebruik. Ernstige leesfoute en 'n swak weergawe van wat in die oorspronklike dokumente staan, word hierin weerspieël. Böeseken gee die volgende aan:
    "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    Die eerste document is feitelik korrek weergegee behalwe dat nagelaat is om te meld dat die verklaring op versoek van Thomas Muller geskied het en dat die twee persone onderskeidelik die gewese en huidige opsigters van die Kompanjiestuin was. As sodanig werk die kompanjieslawe onder hulle toesig. Met die tweede document vaar Böeseken egter swakker. Jansz se vermelding dat hy ook 'n opsigter van die tuin was, ontbreek eweneens. Verder verklaar hy eintlik dat dit die kind van Lobbitjie was wat nooit kompanjieskos en klere tydens sy dienstyd ontvang het nie. In die derde dokument raak Böeseken die kluts heeltemal kwyt. Muller stel inderdaad vir Maria van Guinee vry. Maar Müller verklaar egter uitdruklik, en ons volg die oorspronklike document verder, dat hy dit doen omdat, toe hy haar moeder Gegeima in 1668 aan die kompanjie vir 100 Rds. verkoop het, dit uitdruklik sonder die dogtertjie was. Hy het ook die vorige dag aan die Politieke Raad twee "attestasies" voorgelê wat aandui dat die kind nooit enige "lÿf oft levens middelen" as onderhoud van die kompanjie ontvang het nie. Met die nagaan van die kompanjie se boeke vir die jaar 1668 het dit ook aan die lig gekom, verklaar hy, dat met die verkoop van die moeder die dogtertjie nie deel van die transaksie was nie. Daarom het die Raad hom gevolglik die vrye gebruik van die dogtertjie gegee totdat daar later tot 'n ander ooreenkoms geraak kon word. Daarom gee hy nou dus haar Vryheid en onderneem terselfdertyd om haar te onderhou totdat sy tot haar verstand gekom het sonder om ooit op haar slawedom aanspraak te maak. Tot sover Müller se verklaring. In die document is daar dus geen sprake van 'n belofte aan die moeder, soos Böeseken sit stel nie, en dit verbaas 'n mens dat sy so 'n afleiding kon maak, anders as om dit op te dis.
  16. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, p.85. In 1672 little Maria, aged eight, was set free immediately by Thomas Christoffel Muller, because he had promised her mother, Gegeima from Guinea when he bought her in 1668 for Rds. 100 that her child would be free.
    129. 19.1.1672, V, pp. 160-161: "16.1.1672: Lobbitje, a young slave girl belonging to the VOC, had not been maintained by the Company according to the testimony of Leendert Leendertsz and Wijnant Leendertsz."
    "17.1.1672: Lobbitje, according to the testimony of Leendert Jansz, was never fed or clothed by the company."
    "19.1.1672: Maria (8) from Guinea, emancipated by Thomas Christoffel Muller who had bought her mother Gegeima in 1668 for Rds. 100. He had promised the mother that her daughter would be free and, as the child had never been fed and clothed by the Company, she was now liberated."
    [Note: Böeseken confused these transactions. See Hattingh citations.]
  17. [S418] Anna J. Böeseken, Slaves and Free Blacks at the Cape 1658-1700, pp. 13, 125: 18.9.1659, I p. 127: "Oude Hans and Jajenne" both from Guinea, belonging to Jan van Riebeeck, are exchanged by him for Jackie Joy and Jan Meeuw from Angola, respectively 12 and 13 years old, who had been the property of Thomas Muller and Jochem Elbertsz.
  18. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 5.6.1661     CTD I. p243
    Thomas Muller van Leypzigh, vry Saldanhavaarder, en Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, oak ‘n vry Saldanhavaarder, verklaar dat hulle twee ooreengekom het om saam te handel en dat Borns sal toetree tot die helfte van hulle vaartuie, huisies, varke, skape, aksie, skulde, krediteure, alle klein ‘gevleugelte’, ens. hier aan die Kaap en op Dasseneiland en Saldanhabaai wat Thomas Muller met Gerrit Harmansz om die helfte besit het, op die voorwaarde dat Thomas Muller vir hom partikulier twee slawe met ‘n slavin, wat voorheen aan hom behoort het, uithou en Bartholomeus Borns die kind van die slavin … [Geen name vermeld.].
  19. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 8.6.1661     CTD I, p. 271
    Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer, vry Saldanhavaarder, verkoop aan Thomas Muller van Leypzigh, mede vry Saldanhavaarder en sy vennoot sy helfte van alles wat hulle saam besit het soos vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape, alle klein ‘gevleugelte’ hier en op Dasseneiland en Saldanhabaai asook hulle skuld en krediet vir 450 carolus gulde. [Geen name vermeld.]
    8.6.1661     CTD I, p.273
    Skuldbrief van Thomas Christoffel Muller van Leypzig, vry Saldanhavaarder, vir die bedrag van f 450 wat hy Gerrit Harmansz van Deventer skuld weens bostaande kooptransaksie. As sekuriteit dien al die gekoopte goedere maar in besonder die helfte van 'n huis op Dasseneiland. Hy beloof om die skuld oor twee jaar af te betaal. [Die slawe se name is nie vermeld nie. Hierdie skuldbrief het Gerrit Harmansz op 7.2.1662 aan Pieter van der Stael, die sieketrooster, verkoop. Sien p.287.]
  20. [S853] J.L. (Leon) Hattingh, "Kaapse noteriële stukke waarin slawe van vryburgers en amptenare vermeld word (1658 - 1730? 1670)", 24.6.1662     CTD 1, p.326
    Skuldbrief aan [van?] Thomas Christoffel Muller van Leypsigh en Bartholomeus Borns van Waerden, vryburgers en Saldanhavaarders, gesamentlik verskuldig aan Wouter Cornelisz Mostert, oud burgerraad, die som van f 3 050 vir die koop van van Mostert se huis. Elkeen verantwoordelik vir die helfte van die paaiement van f 1525 waarvan die eerste betaalbaar is op 1 April 1663 en dan die jaar daarna. Hulle bied as pand hulle nuut gekoopte huis op die hoek van Fortsplein en die straat aan die seestrant asook hulle vaartuie, huisies, slawe, varke, skape, ens. soos op Dasseneiland en in Tafelbaai. [Geen name word vermeld nie.]
  21. [S432] Robert C-H Shell compiler, Changing Hands, A calendar of bondage in southern Africa, 1550 to 1888, CD-ROM; ISBN 1-86918-063-1; (Cape Town: Ancestry24, September 2007), Slave First Name:       Maria     
    Matronym:       Gegeima     
    Toponym:       van Guinea     
    Gender:       F     
    Simplified Age:       Child     
    Age:       8     
    Owner Surname:       Muller     
    Owner First Name:       Thomas Christoffel     
    ...
    Manumitter Age:       30     
    ...     
    Sale Transaction Day:       19     
    Sale Transaction Month:       1     
    Sale Transaction Year:       1672. Hereinafter cited as Changing Hands.
 

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